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2017_Text2
08/10/24, 12:00 AM
1. reign v. 统治
  
  monarch n. 君主、帝王
  
  sovereign n. 君主 adj. 有主权的、有至高无尚的权力的
2. astronomy n. 天文学（重音在 t）
  
  astronomer n. 天文学家（重音在 t）
  
  astronautics n. 航天（重音在 n）
  
  astronaut n. 宇航员（重音在 n）
3. esteem v. n. 尊重、敬重、崇敬
  
  revere v. 尊敬、景仰
  
  reverence n. 尊敬、景仰
  
  这两个词比 respect 程度更深
  
  respect n. 尊重；体贴；方面 v. 尊重，遵守
  
  deference n. 尊重
  
  deferential adj. 恭敬的
  
  prestige n. 名望
  
  prestigious adj. 德高望重的
  
  worship v. 崇拜、敬仰、礼拜
4. -rupt 词根后缀破裂
  
  abrupt adj. 唐突的
  
  bankrupt v. n. 破产
  
  corrupt v. 腐败
  
  disrupt v. 干扰
  
  erupt vi. 爆发；突发
  
  interrupt v. 打断
  
  rupture n. 断裂
5. observatory n. 观测台、天文台、天文观测站、气象台
6. cosmos n. （尤指被视为有序体系时的）宇宙
7. 介词短语不能当主语，当介词短语处于主语位置时很可能是倒装，因为主语太长。
  
  At issue is sth. that…
  
  正常语序是 Sth. that … is issue.
8. dormant adj. 休眠的；蛰伏的；暂停活动的
  
  a dormant volcano 休眠的火山
9. bulk n. 大部分 v. 占据大部分；夸大
  
  a bulk of 一大部分
10. vocal adj. 发声的、声音的；大声表达的、直言不讳的
  
  vocalist n. 歌手
11. sacred adj. 上帝的、神的、神圣的
  
  holy adj. 与神（或宗教）有关的、神圣的
  
  holiness n. 神圣
12. prioritize v. 优先
13. fragile adj. 脆弱的
14. inhabitant n. 居民
15. relic n. 遗物、遗迹
  
  cultural relic
  
  heritage n. 遗产（国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色）
  
  cultural heritage
  
  Natrual heritage
16. renaissance n. 文艺复兴
17. assemble v. 组装
  
  assembly line 生产线
  
  dissemble v. 拆卸
18. primal adj. 原始的
19. compromise n. 妥协、折中、和解
20. remark n. 言论、说得话
21. feat n. 壮举、功绩
22. deem v. = regard/view
  
  deem/see/view/regard A as B
  
  be deemed/seen/viewed/regarded as sth.
23. humiliate v. 羞辱、侮辱 humiliating adj. 屈辱的
24. uncover v. 揭示
25. passive adj. 被动的
Eli_BBC-News_6
08/09/24, 12:00 AM
知识点
1. cap n. 软扁帽；顶；上限
  
  icecap n. 冰盖
2. say says said 三个发音不一样
3. expedition n. 远征；探险、考察
  
  expedite v. 加速
4. making sth.后置大概率修饰前面一句话
5. vulnerable adj. 脆弱的
  
  be vulnerable to sth. 对于某事脆弱（即易受某事伤害的）
6. community n. 群体
7. beverage n. 饮料
8. record 名词重音在前，动词重音在后
9. inundate v. 淹没
  
  be inundated with sth. 被某事淹没
10. scores of 量词很多
11. mop n. 拖把 v. 清理
12. underway adj. adv. 进行中
13. appeal v. 呼吁、上诉；被吸引
  
  sth. appeals to sb. sb. 被 sth. 吸引
  
  they’ve appealed to the government 他们向政府呼吁
14. the all-time record 有史以来
15. devastate v. 严重破坏、彻底摧毁
  
  sb. is devastated 某人被摧毁了（某人很难过）
听写
1. Researcher ice in north pole has found melted quickly Arctic Ocean in this ten years.
  - Research into the icecap of the north pole has found that it’s melting so quickly that the Arctic Ocean could lose most of its ice during summer time in as little as ten years.
2. Scientists at Cambridge University have recent expedition to like Pen hadow found much thin than it expected making it vunerable to rapid melting.
  - Scientists at Cambridge University say recent expedition to the Arctic led by the explorer Pen hadow found the ice was much thinner than expected and less dense making it vulnerable to rapid melting.
3. Mr Hadow’s has a founding that should have a wake up call.
  - Mr Hadow says the findings should act as a wake-up call.
4. The long-term view for the global communities this is definitely not a good news.
  - The long-term view for the global community is this is definitely not good news.
5. But if we can see this for what it is which is the biggest visual cue the way we’re gonna get to beverage our planet better, then that is a good thing.
  - But if we can see this for what it is which is the biggest visual cue that we’re gonna get to manage our relationship for the planet better, then that is a good thing.
6. At one point, the water in the central part of Venice is 1 meter and 56 centimeters at sea level.
  - At one point, the water in the central part of Venice was 1 meter and 56 centimeters above sea level.
7. It hasn’t bet heights since 1986.
  - It hasn’t been that high since 1986.
8. Then this gets regular flooding on this time of a year, but this was the forth deeper on record.
  - Venice gets regular flooding at this time of the year, but this was the forth deepest on record.
9. Dozens of homes and businesses were inunbate, scores of people have to move out, there’s no report of serious injuries.
  - Dozens of homes and businesses were inundated. Scores of people had to move out, though there’re no reports of serious injuries.
10. With malping up still on the way, the authority say they don’t yet know the final cost of repairs.
  - With mopping-up still underway, the authorities say they don’t yet know the final cost of repairs.
11. They’ll built to the government for the money from special fund help in the clear-up.
  - They’ve appealed to the government for money from a special fund to help in the clear-up.
12. The all-time record for high water was in 1966, when it reached nearly 2 meters.
2017_Text1
08/08/24, 12:00 AM
1. time-consuming adj. 耗时间的
2. in return for 作为…的回报
3. drag v. (费力地) 拖 n. 阻碍、拖沓
4. infuriate v. 激怒
  
  infuriating adj. = very angry
5. undercover adj. 卧底的、秘密调查的
6. sneak v. 偷偷地走 n. 鬼鬼祟祟的人 adj. 偷摸的、鬼鬼祟祟的
7. steep adj. 陡峭的
  
  steep increase
8. screen n. 屏幕 v. 筛查、检查
  
  screen out 筛选出
  
  screener n. 筛选器、检查器（如安检那种）
9. lane n. 小路；车道
10. dispute v. 质疑、对…提出质询
11. remodel v. 改造、翻修
12. expedite v. 加速
13. sticker shock 标签震惊（表示价格贵）
  
  price tag 价格标签
14. finance n. 金融 v. 融资
15. divert v. 转移、改变（资金、材料等）的用途
  
  convert v. 转化
16. It is long past time to do sth. 早该做某事了
17. reluctance n. 不情愿
Eli_IELTS8_Test1_Section4
08/07/24, 12:00 AM
答题
1. surface
2. (environment)
3. impact
4. urban
5. problems
6. images
7. consequence (patterns)
8. distortship (distortion)
9. traffic
10. weather
知识点
1. introductory adj. 初级的、入门的、介绍性的
2. lecture n. 讲授课
  
  seminar n. 研讨课
3. basics n. 基础知识（原型就是加 s 的，不是复数）
  
  basis n. 基础
4. a great deal adv. = a lot
5. the earth’s surface 地球的表面
  
  the earth surface 地球表面（表面叫地球）
  
  Tom cat 汤姆猫（猫叫汤姆）
  
  Tom’s cat 汤姆的猫（猫属于汤姆）
6. dynamic n. 动态（两者相互之间的）
7. inform v. 告知、让…知道
  
  inform sb. of/about sth.
  
  informed adj. 被知道的
8. branch n. 树枝；分支
  
  brunch 早午饭（发音和英音 branch 一样）
9. think of A as B (n./ doing sth.)
10. semester n. 学期
11. by 依照…来说、据…而言
  
  These include biophysical geography, by which I mean the study of natural environment.
12. community n. 群体
13. geography n. 地理学
  
  geology n. 地质学
14. examine v. 考、测验；调查、考查（两个发音 min 和 men）
15. agriculture n. 农业
16. how 引导的从句，how 后加完整句子
17. take A as B 当 A 太长时，后置，例如听写第 12 句
  
  take as B A
18. surround v. 围绕
19. practical adj. 实际的、真实的、有效的
  
  practicality n. 实用性、可行性（注意重音在 ca）
20. field trip 实地考查
21. means n. 方法（单复同形）
22. census n. 人口调查（复数 censuses）
23. conduct v. 引导；实施 = do；指挥（歌唱或音乐演奏） n. 行为
24. given adj. 既定的 prep. conj. 考虑到
25. using sth. / by doing sth. / without doing sth. 后置时通常用作状语
26. by means of = with the help of = 用
  
  介词短语修饰 1.名词 2.动词
27. relay v. 传送、接转、转送、转发（信息、消息等） n. 接力
  
  relay race n. 接力赛
  
  rally v. n. 拉力；集会
28. at one’s disposal 任某人使用、支配
  
  dispose v. 处置（以避免某种结果）；把某人带入某种状态；安排到特定位置；
  
  disposal n. 处置；变卖资产；安排、部署
29. cause 发音 kôz
  
  course 发音 kôrs 英音 kôs
  
  英音发音十分相似，需要用语法、意思区分
30. confidential adj. 保密的
  
  confide v. （向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等）
  
  confidentiality n. 保密性、机密性
31. atlas n. 地图集
32. depict v. 描绘
33. distort v. 扭曲；歪曲、曲解
  
  distortion n. 扭曲、变形；曲解
34. replicate v. = copy
35. dimension n. 方面；维度
听写
1. So welcome to your introductory geography lecture. We’ll begin with some basics. Firstly what do we learn by studying geography?
2. Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that affected and continue to affect the earth surface.
  - Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and continue to affect the earth’s surface.
3. But we learn far more than that. Because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between particular environment and people that live there.
  - But we learn far more than that. Because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environment and people that live there.
4. There’s the study of the nature of our planet. It’s physical features what actually looks like.
  - There’s the study of the nature of our planet, its physical features, what it actually looks like.
5. And then there’s a study of where we choose to live and the impact of those on our planet.
  - And then there’s the study of ways in which we choose to live and of the impact of those on our planet.
6. But there’re more specific study areas to consider too. And we’ll be looked out 8 inches in turn throughout semister.
  - But there’re more specific study areas to consider too. And we’ll be looking at each of these in turn throughout this semester.
7. These include by a physical geography, by which I mean the study of natural environment and all its living things.
  - These include biophysical geography, by which I mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things.
8. Then there’s topography - that looks at the shapes of land and oceans.
9. There’s the study of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of communities of people.
10. We have economic geography, in which we examine, all kinds of resources they’re use, algriculture, for example.
  - We have economic geography, in which we examine, all kinds of resources and their use, agriculture, for example.
11. The understanding of how people and their environments and the ways their interect have changed over period of time.
  - Next comes historical geography - the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interect have changed over a period of time.
12. And urban geography - an aspect I’m particularly interested in which takes as its focus the locations of cities and services and migration of people to and from such cities.
  - And urban geography - an aspect I’m particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the locations of cities, the services that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities.
13. That’s the art and science of nightmare came.
  - That’s the art and science of map making.
14. Studing this subject is important, because without geographical knowledge, we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn’t be able to identify all the problems that relate to them.
15. So, by definition, we wouldn’t be in any informed position to workout how to solve any of them.
  - So, by definition, we wouldn’t be in an informed position to work out how to solve any of them.
16. OK, now for some present caloties. What do geographers actually do? Well, we collect data to begin with.
  - OK, now for some practicality, what do geographers actually do? Well, we collect data to begin with.
17. You’ll be doing a lot of that in your first drill of trip.
  - You’ll be doing a lot of that on your first field trip.
18. We might, for example, conduct census, count population and give an area perhaps.
  - We might, for example, conduct a census, count a population in a given area perhaps.
19. We also need images of the earth surface which we can produce by means of computer information technology or with the help of satelites we realize.
  - We also need images of the earth’s surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays.
20. We’ve come a very long way from the early expiration by pellingships when geographers only have pens and paper on their disposal.
  - We’ve come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.
21. After we gathered our information, we must analyze it.
  - After we’ve gathered our information, we must analyze it.
22. We need to look for patterns, most commonly those, of course, for consequences.
  - We need to look for patterns, most commonly those of causes and consequences.
23. This kind of information help us to predict and resolve problems could affect the world we’re living.
  - This kind of information helps us to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live in.
24. We then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it.
25. And one way which this information can be published is in the form of map. You all of use this age of once already.
  - And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps. You’ll all have used one at some stage of your life already.
26. Maps can be folded and put in a pocket. And can provide a great store of reference and collected into neckless.
  - Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they’re collected into an atlas.
27. They can dipict the physical features of the entire planet necessary or small part of it in much great detail.
  - They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary or just a small part of it in much greater detail.
28. You can’t exactly replicate something three-dimensional like our planet on a flat piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions. And that means there’re always some certain degree of distortship on the map
  - You can’t exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a flat piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions. And that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortion on a map.
29. We can also use aerial photographs, pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth.
30. You can easily illustrate areas of disease trees or how much traffic on a road at given time or information about deep sea base, for example.
  - You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or how much traffic is on a road at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.
Eli_IELTS13_Test4_Section4
08/05/24, 12:00 AM
答题
1. destruction
2. universities
3. political
知识点
1. both A and B
2. hardly/rarely adv. = not
3. documentary adj. 有记录的
4. then adv. 接下来 n. 那个时候
5. origin n. 起源（重音在 o）
  
  originate v. 起源于（o 发 e，且重音在 ri）
  
  original adj. 原本的（o 发 e，且重音在 ri）
  
  originally adv. 初始地（o 发 e，且重音在 ri）
6. bush n. 灌木丛；身体茂密的毛发
  
  bushes 复数
7. court n. 法庭；球场；朝廷
  
  court physician 宫廷医生
8. physician n. 内科医生
  
  surgeon n. 外科医生
9. cultivate vt. 培养、培育
10. Actor of the year 年度最佳演员
  
  Player of the week 本周最佳球员
11. -struct 后缀建造
  
  construct v. 建造 n. （未经证实的）想法、理论
  
  construction n. 建造
  
  destruct v. 毁坏
  
  instruct v. 指示、教导、告知
  
  instructor n. 指导者
  
  structure n. 结构 v. 构建
  
  obstruct v. 阻碍
12. spread 过去式和过去分词都是原型
听写
1. In my presentation, I’m going to talk about coffee, and its importance both in economic and social terms.
2. We think it was first drunk in the Arab world, there’s hardly documantory evidence before 1500s, although, of course, it doesn’t mean people didn’t know it before then.
  - We think it was first drunk in the Arab world, but there’s hardly any documentary evidence of it before 1500s, although, of course, that doesn’t mean the people didn’t know about it before then.
3. However, there’s evidence that coffee was originally gathered from bushies growing wild in Ethiopia, in the north east of Africa.
  - However, there’s evidence that coffee was originally gathered from bushes growing wild in Ethiopia, in the northeast of Africa.
4. In the early 16th century, it was being board by traders and gradually it’s used as drink spread throughout the Mid East.
  - In the early 16th century, it was being bought by traders and gradually its use as a drink spread throughout the Middle East.
5. It’s also known at in 1522, in the Turkish city of Constantinople, which was the center of the Empire Ottoman, the core physician pri used as medicine.
  - It’s also known that in 1522, in the Turkish city of Constantinople, which was the center of the Ottoman Empire, the court physician approved its use as a medicine.
6. By the mid 1500s, coffee bushes cultivated in the Yemen, in the next hundred year, this region produced most of coffee drunk in Africa and Arab world.
  - By the mid-1500s, coffee bushes were being cultivated in the Yemen, and for the next hundred years, this region produced most of the coffee drunk in Africa and the Arab world.
7. What’s particularly interesting about coffee is it’s a fact social life.
  - What’s particularly interesting about coffee is its effect on social life.
8. It was rarely drunk at home, but instead, people went to coffee houses to drink it.
9. These people, usually men, would meet to drink coffee and chat about issues of the day.
10. But after the time, this chance to share ideas and opinions was potentially in the danger. And in 1623, the ruler of Constantinople demanded destruction all the coffee houses in the city.
  - But at the time, this chance to share ideas and opinions was seen as something that was potentially dangerous. And in 1623, the ruler of Constantinople demanded the destruction of all the coffee houses in the city.
11. In the 17th century, coffee drinking spreaded to Europe. And here too, coffee houses to odinary people nearly always men, could meet to exchange ideas.
  - In the 17th century, coffee drinking spread to Europe. And here too, coffee shops became places where odinary people nearly always men, could meet to exchange ideas.
12. Because of this, some people said that these places performed a similar function to universities.
13. The oppotunity they provided for people to meet together outside their own homes and to discuss the topics of the day had enormous impact on social life.
  - The oppotunity they provided for people to meet together outside their own homes and to discuss the topics of the day had an enormous impact on social life.
14. And many social movements and political developments had their origins in coffee house discussions.
Eli_Scientific-America_3
08/04/24, 12:00 AM
知识点
1. figure out 弄清楚
2. union n. 工会；联合
  
  reunion n. 重聚
3. stalk v. （非法）跟踪、盯梢；大步走 n. 植物主茎；跟踪；大步走
4. suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑
  
  suspect n. 嫌疑犯
  
  suspense n. （对即将发生的事等的）担心；焦虑；兴奋；悬念
5. ethnical adj. 民族的（文化意识形态）
  
  racial adj. 种族的（生物上）
  
  race n. 种族
6. rural adj. 乡村
  
  suburban adj. 郊区的
  
  urban adj. 城市的
  
  countryside n. 农村
  
  suburb n. 郊区
  
  city n. 城市
7. adolescence 青春期以上的未成年人
  
  teenager 13-19 岁的孩子
8. deem v. = regard
9. by the time = when
10. pseudo- 前缀假的
11. cachet n. 威望（发音 cashe）
  
  cache n. 缓存、隐藏物（发音 cash）
12. admire v. 钦佩（重音在 mi）
  
  admirable adj. 令人钦佩的（重音在 ad）
  
  adore v. 崇拜
13. ever- 前缀更加
14. keep doing sth. 保持做
  
  keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事
15. think of A as B
16. turn out 结果是
17. shelf life 保存期、货架期（食品的）
听写
1. Share something you might figure out your high school of union by soccering Facebook year old classmates.
  - Here’s something you might have figured out at your high school reunion or by Facebook-stalking your old classmates.
2. Being one of the cool kids does not necessarily mean being cool for life.
3. And now of child development confirms that suspension
  - And now a study in the journal of Child Development confirms that suspicion.
4. Researchers followed ethnically and resultly diverse sub-urban and urban kids from early adult license to adulthood.
  - Researchers followed ethnically and racially diverse sub-urban and urban kids from early adolescence to adulthood.
5. The kids who were cool at young age was ethsatic individuals with romantic relationship who broke rules and laws.
  - The kids who were deemed cool at a young age were high-status individuals with romantic relationships who broke rules and laws.
6. But they were no longer viewed that way by peers by the time they’were in their early 20s.
  - But they were no longer viewed that way by peers by the time they’were in their early 20’s.
7. The sort of behavior that seemed so emorable at a young age lost cashe as the other kids gained axtural maturity.
  - The pseudo mature behavior that seemed so admirable at a young age lost cachet as the other kids gained actual maturity.
8. Meanwhile, as the young JD and MC aged, they have to engage in ever and keep linking themselves as cool.
  - Meanwhile, as the young JD and MC aged, they have to engage in ever-riskier behavior to keep thinking of themselves as cool.
9. By their early 20’s, they were more likely to have drug and alcohol problems, relationship issues and criminal involvement.
Eli_BBC-News_4/5
08/02/24, 12:00 AM
知识点
1. in (a) large part/to (a) large extent 很大程度上
2. due to 因为
3. skim v. 快速浏览
4. trade in 置换、换钱、折价、以旧换新
5. figure n. 数字；身材；人物 v. 弄清楚
6. weather forecast 天气预报
7. volcanic adj. 火山的
  
  volcano n. 火山
8. cautious adj. 谨慎的
9. and beyond 和以外的
10. ground v. 使停飞，阻止起飞
11. conscious adj. 有意识的
  
  be conscious of 意识到
听写
1. Con-manufactures in the US reported there’re best result so far this year in Augest in large part due to the government encourage people trading their own cars for more fuel efficient new ones.
  - Car manufacturers in the United States reported their best results so far this year in Augest, in large part due to a government scheme aimed at encouraging people to trade in their old cars for more fuel-efficient new ones.
2. The top result among American car makers were pursed by Ford, with sales rised by 17% from Augest last year.
  - The top results among American car makers were posted by Ford, which saw its sales rised by 17% from Augest of last year.
3. The result held increase the US factory out put as a whole for the first time since Janurary of last year.
  - The results held increase US manufacturing output as a whole for the first time since Janurary of last year.
4. President Obama said the latest figure indicates the American economy is on the past to recovery.
  - President Obama said the latest figures indicate that the American economy is on the path to recovery.
5. As forecast say that cloud across some shine from moving Europe officials could operate on Monday.
  - As forecasters say that a cloud of volcanic dusts spreading from Iceland across Europe show some signs of moving, officials have expressed hope that up to half of all flights across Europe could operate on Monday.
6. After adopting approaching up to now, the airline industry has increasingly pushed authority to end restriction which will cause traffic chaos in Europe and beyond.
  - After adopting a cautious approach up till now, the airline industry has increasingly pushed the European authorities to end the flight restrictions which have caused travel chaos in Europe and beyond.
7. Several airlines, including KLM and Lufthansa have expressed danger the decisions taking solely on the basis of computer simulation.
  - Several airlines, including KLM and Lufthansa have expressed anger that the decision to ground flights appears to have been taken solely on the basis of the computer simulation.
8. Basis if they carried out, none have reported no problems.
  - They say they’ve carried out their own test flights and reported no problems.
9. Conscious of the need to show leadship in crisis, European Union transport minister deserve to spect hold a emergency video conference on Monday.
  - Conscious of a need to show strong leadership over the air travel crisis, European Union transport ministers are expected to hold an emergency video conference on Monday.
Eli_IELTS11_Test3_Section4
07/31/24, 12:00 AM
答题
1. insight (attitudes)
2. content (numbers)
3. time
4. software
5. location (patients)
6. emotions
7. income
8. comfortable
9. observation
10. analysis
知识点
1. sb. aim at sth.
  
  sth. is aimed at
2. the way 后面加句子
3. anthropology n. 人类学
4. get to do with sth. 与某事有关
5. insight into sth.
6. attitude to/towards/toward sth.
7. flower n. 花
  
  flour n. 面粉
  
  发音一样
8. cook n. 厨师
  
  cooker n. 厨具
9. 描述实验步骤用过去式
10. top seller = best seller
11. entrepreneur n. 创业者
  
  entrepreneurship n. 创业
12. pay for 支付
  
  in advance 提前
  
  pay (in advance) for
  
  due to 因为
  
  to a large extent 在很大程度上
  
  due (to a large extent) to
13. carry out v. 实施、进行、开始、做
14. Excel 是软件
  
  spreadsheet n. 电子表格
  
  Powerpoint 是软件
  
  slide n. 幻灯片
15. tablet n. 平板电脑、写字板
16. occasionally adv. 偶然的
17. airline n. 航空公司
  
  route n. 航线、路线
  
  flight n. 一班飞机
  
  trip n. 一段旅程，从一个地方到另一个地方
  
  voyage n. 海上一次旅程（文学化的）
18. inform v. 告知
  
  inform sb. of sth.
  
  information n. 信息
19. You are that smart. that adv. 那么
20. criteria n. 标准（判断的条件）
  
  standard n. 标准（准绳）
21. bracket n. 括号；范围
  
  upper bracket 胜者组
  
  lower bracket 败者组
  
  age bracket 年龄段
22. go about 忙于、进行
23. as well as 和；除了（句首）= besides
24. at a time 一次
  
  at the time 当时
听写
1. So what I am going to talk about to you today is something called ethnography.
2. This is a type of research and is exploring what human cultures work.
  - This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work.
3. It was first developed for use in enthology and it also be used in enthusiology and communication studies.
  - It was first developed for use in anthropology and it’s also been used in sociology and communication studies.
4. So what’s it got to do with business? you may ask.
5. Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight and the possible needs of customers by the present or future as well as providing valuable information of their attitudes towards existing products.
  - Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers, either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.
6. And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services that customers really want.
7. One team of researchers did a project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment.
8. They watched how cooks use measuring cups to measure up things like sugar and flower.
  - They watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar and flour.
9. They saw that the cooks had checked and rechecked the content, the cups although has the numbers in them, the cooks couldn’t see these easily.
  - They saw that the cooks had to check and recheck the content, because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them, the cooks couldn’t see these easily.
10. So a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was the top seller.
  - So a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was a top seller.
11. They found that people who didn’t have their own phones could pay to use the phones of local entrepreneurs.
12. Because these customers paied in advance for their calls they were eager to know how much time they’d spend on call so far.
  - Because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how much time they’d spent on the call so far.
13. So the phone companies designed phones for use globally with this added feature.
  - So the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.
14. In one company, IT system’s administrators have observed for several week.
  - In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several week.
15. It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in order to solve problems, but that they didn’t have a standard way of exchanging information from spread sheet and so on.
  - It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in order to solve problems, but that they didn’t have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and so on.
16. So the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.
17. In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.
18. This let the recognition that the nurses need to access to computer records of their patients no matter where they were.
  - This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of their patients no matter where they were.
19. This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed nurses to check out records and locations through out the hospital.
  - This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed nurses to check records in locations throughout the hospital.
20. Ocassionally research can be done even the environments whether researchment can’t be present
  - Ocassionally research can be done even in environments where the researchers can’t be present.
21. For example, in one project, done for an airline, respondent use their smart phones record information during airlines trips, in study tracking emotions during passengers of the flight.
  - For example, in one project, done for an airline, respondents used their smartphones to record information during airline trips, in a study, aiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.
22. First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded, he or she hasn’t thought up hypothesis to be tested as with the case in other types of the research.
  - First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded - he or she hasn’t thought up a hypothesis to be tested, as is the case in other types of research.
23. Instead, they wave for the participants in the research to inform them.
  - Instead, they wait for the participants in the research to inform them.
24. As far as choosing the participants themselves as concerned, that’s not really different for ordinary research.
  - As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that’s not really all that different from ordinary research.
25. The criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something are simple age break they fall into.
  - The criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into.
26. Or the researchers may select them according to their income, Or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.
27. But it’s absolutely crucial to recruit the right people as participants.
28. As well as the criteria I’ve mentioned, they have to be comfortable talking about themselves and being watched as they go about their activities.
29. But actually, most researchers say that people open up pretty easily, maybe because they’re often in their own home or workplace.
30. So what makes this type of research special? is it not questionnaire , instead based on first time observation or what they’re doing over the time.
  - So what makes this type of research special is that it’s not just a matter of sending a questionnaire to the participants, instead the research is ususally based on first-hand observation of what they’re doing at the time.
Eli_IELTS11_Test2_Section4
07/29/24, 12:00 AM
答题
1. social
2. factory
3. road（canal）
4. bridge
5. box
6. screen
7. robber（rubber）
8. curved
9. curtains
10. international
知识点
1. 现在完成进行时翻译为一直
2. architect n. 建筑师
3. domestic adj. 家庭的；国内的；驯养的
4. being 发音有两个音 been 发音只有一个音
5. refer to 提到、涉及
6. as with prep. 一定是正如、像（介词短语）
  
  as 单独不一定是正如
  
  as yet adv. 到目前为止
7. primary adj. 主要的
8. metaphor n. 比喻
9. run-down adj. 破败的、失修的
10. neighborhood n. 邻里街区
  
  block n. 街区
  
  district n. 地区、行政区
  
  borough n. 地区、行政区
11. high-rise adj. 高层的
12. ring road 环路、环线
13. border n. 边境、边界 v. 作为边界
  
  board n. 板子 v. 上（飞机）、住宿
14. canal n. 运河（注意发音重音在后）
15. mystery n. 迷
  
  mysterious adj. 神秘的
16. reflect v. 反映
17. pedestrian adj. 人行的、人行道的 n. 行人
18. make use of/take advantage of/make the most of 利用
19. on site 在场的
20. present n. 礼物 v. 展示 adj. 出现的；现在的
  
  presentation n. 展示
  
  presence n. 出现
21. approach v. 接近 n. 方法
  
  approach(n.) to
  
  access(n.) to
22. cross v.
  
  across prep.
23. suspense n. 悬疑；悬挂
  
  suspect n. 嫌疑犯
24. close adj. 接近的 v. 使接近
25. as a whole = in general
26. rupture n. 破裂
  
  abrupt adj. 突然的；突兀的
  
  bankrupt n. adj. v. 破产
  
  interrupt v. 打断
  
  erupt vi. 爆发
27. put off v. 推迟；使失去兴趣
  
  Your action puts me off.
  
  off-putting adj. 没意思的
28. intrigue v. 让人感兴趣
  
  intriguing adj. 有趣的（= 褒义时的 interesting）
29. project n. 项目 v. 投射；预测
30. function vi. 起作用（不及物）
31. auditorium n. 礼堂
32. seat n. 座位 v. 容纳（建筑物提供座席）
33. pad n. 护垫
34. rubber n. 橡胶；橡皮；避孕套（condom）
35. vibrate vi. 震动（不及物）
  
  vibrator n. 震动器
36. curve n. 曲线 v. 使弯曲
  
  carve v. 雕刻
37. amplify v. 扩大（声音）
  
  amplifier n. 功放器
  
  magnify v. 放大（视觉）
38. zoom in/out 放大/缩小
39. in spite of / despite prep. 尽管
听写
1. We’ve been discussing the facts that the archtect has to consider when deciding domastic buildings.
  - We’ve been discussing the factors the architect has to consider when designing domestic buildings.
2. I’m going to move on now to consider the design of public buildings, and I’ll illustrate this by refering to the Taylor Concert Hall. That’s recently been completed here in the city.
  - I’m going to move on now to consider the design of public buildings, and I’ll illustrate this by refering to the new Taylor Concert Hall. That’s recently been completed here in the city.
3. So, as with the domestic building, when designing a public building, an architect needs to consider the function of the building.
  - So, as with a domestic building, when designing a public building, an architect needs to consider the function of the building.
4. For example, is it to be used premarily for entertainment, or for education, or for administration?
  - For example, is it to be used primarily for entertainment, or for education, or for administration?
5. The second thing the architect needs to think about is the context of the building, this includes as a physical location obviously.
  - The second thing the architect needs to think about is the context of the building, this includes its physical location, obviously.
6. But it also includes the social meaning of the building, how it relates to the people it’s built for.
7. And finally, for important public buildings, the architect may also be looking for symbolic idea on which to base on design, a social metaphor for a building and when it should be used.
  - And finally, for important public buildings, the architect may also be looking for a central symbolic idea on which to base the design, a sort of metaphor for the building and the way in which it is used.
8. The location chosen was a site in a wrong down district, but it’s ignored in previous redevelopment plans.
  - The location chosen was a site in a run-down district that has been ignored in previous redevelopment plans.
9. It was occupied by a factory that has been empty for some years.
10. The whole area was some distance from the high rised office block of central business district and shopping center.
  - The whole area was some distance from the high-rise office blocks of central business district(CBD) and shopping center.
11. The site itself was board to the north which once being used material when the area was used for manufactoring.
  - The site itself was bordered to the north by a canal which had once been used by boats bringing in raw materials when the area was used for manufacturing.
12. He found the main design challenge was the location of the site in an area that had no neighboring buildings of any importance.
13. To reflect the fact that the significance of the building in quite run-down location was as yet unknown. He decided to building sent a idea of mistery something whose meaning still has to be discovered.
  - To reflect the fact that the significance of the building in this quite run-down location was as yet unknown, he decided to create a building centered around the idea of a mystery, something whose meaning still has to be discovered.
14. So how was this reflected in the design of the building?
15. Well, Harrison decided to create pedestrian access to the building, and to make use of the presents of water on the site.
  - Well, Harrison decided to create pedestrian access to the building, and to make use of the presence of water on the site.
16. As people approach the entrance, they therefore have to cross over a bridge.
17. He wanted to give people a feeling of suspense as they see the building first from the distance and then close up.
  - He wanted to give people a feeling of suspense as they see the building first from a distance and then close up.
18. And initially impression he wanted to create from the shape of the building as a whole was that of a box.
  - And the initial impression he wanted to create from the shape of the building as a whole was that(指代 the initial impression) of a box.
19. The first side that people see, the southern wall, is just a high flat wall uninterrupted by any windows.
20. This might sound of Putin, that it support Harrison’s concept of building, that people approaching intrade and one was inside.
  - This might sound off-putting but it supports Harrison’s concept of the building that the person approaching is intrigued and wonders what will be inside.
21. At night time, projectors are switched on, and it’s the functions as huge screen onto which images are projected.
  - At night time, projectors are switched on, and it functions as a huge screen onto which images are projected.
22. The auditory serves 1500 people. The floor is supported by ten massive pads.
  - The auditorium itself seats 1500 people. The floor is supported by ten massive pads.
23. These are constructed from rubber, and so are able to absorb any vibration from outside, and prevent them from the auditorium.
  - These are constructed from rubber, and so are able to absorb any vibrations from outside, and prevent them from affecting the auditorium.
24. The walls are made of several layers of honey-colored wood, all sorts from local beach trees.
  - The walls are made of several layers of honey-colored wood, all sourced from local beech trees.
25. In order to improve the acoustic properties of the auditorium and to amplify the sound, they’re not straight, they’re curved.
26. The acoustic pads are adjustible, according to the sizes of ochestra and the type of music being played.
  - The acoustics are also adjustable, according to the size of orchestra and the type of music being played.
27. The reaction of the public to the new building has generally been positive. However, the evaluation of some acoustics has less been enthusiastic.
  - The reaction of the public to the new building has generally been positive. However, the evaluation of some critics has been less enthusiastic.
28. In spite of Harrison’s efforts to use local material, they criticized the style of the design has been international rather than local, and say it doesn’t reflect the feature of the landscape or society for which it built.
  - In spite of Harrison’s efforts to use local materials, they criticize the style of the design as being international rather than local, and say it doesn’t reflect features of the landscape or society for which it is built.
Eli_BBC-News_2/3
07/26/24, 12:00 AM
知识点
1. initiate vt. 开始（及物）
  
  initiate sth.
  
  begin vi. 开始（不及物）
  
  sth. begin
2. initial adj. 初始的 v. 用首字母签字
3. export v. 出口
  
  import v. 进口
4. duty n. 责任；税（尤指进口关税）
  
  duty-free 免税店
  
  tariff n. 关税
5. preferential adj. 优待的
6. commit sb. to doing 让某人承诺去做某事
7. provide A with B 给 A 提供 B
8. compensation n. 补偿
  
  compensate v. 补偿
9. in a shape of 以某种形式或形状
10. strike a deal 达成协议
11. compulsory adj. 必须的、强制的、强迫的
  
  mandatory adj. 强制的
12. head start 先发优势
13. pupil n. 学生；瞳孔
14. autunm n. 秋天（英）
  
  fall n. 秋天（美）
听写
1. The European Union has initiated agreements on one of the world longest trade distributes of bananas.
  - The European Union has initialed an agreement to end one of the world’s longest-running trade disputes over bananas.
2. The EU, the world’s biggest importer of bananas, is to cut of the duty of bananas because of Latin American produces the food.
  - The EU, the world’s biggest importer of bananas, is to cut the duty it imposes on Latin American producers of the fruit.
3. Our banana growers in former European colonies are gradually lose the preferential term they’ve been enjoyed.
  - While banana growers in former European colonies will gradually lose the preferential terms they’ve enjoyed.
4. The deal in Geneva commit the EU gradually learn imposes the tariff loses on banana produce in Latin America.
  - The deal signed in Geneva commits the European Union to gradually lowering the tariffs it imposes on bananas imported mainly from Latin America.
5. The cut will be over a third by 2017.
6. That will reduce the competitive advantage European colonies african and calribbean, which enjoy tariff free access.
  - That will reduce the competitive advantage of a group of countries mainly former colonies of EU states in Africa and Calribbean, which enjoy tariff-free access.
7. The EU plans to provide those countries with some compensation in a shape of nearly $300 million in additional aid.
8. It’s the world’s fastest growing economy then shows no signs to slowing down, striking deals with Chinese businesses is now the top priority that the British company stare head on global trade.
  - It’s the world’s fastest growing economy, and shows no sign of slowing down. So striking deals with Chinese businesses is now the top priority for every British company that want’s to stay ahead on global trade.
9. Now schools in the United Kingdom want to give their students a head start by teaching them Mandarin and they’re making it compulsory.
10. Brighton College is fee-paying private school on the south coast of Britain, and already teaches Latin, Spanish, and French to its 1200 pupils.
11. Students can choose between these languages, but from the autunm, which is the beginning of the new academic year in British schools, every student must study Madarin whether they like it or not.